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The right to offend
De rede van Ayaan Hirsi Ali in Berlijn op 9 februari 2006.
Deze tekst is overgenomen van deze website. De reden om de tekst ook hier te zetten is dat het goed mogelijk is dat die website op zeker moment niet meer bereikbaar is. Eventuele taalfouten zijn mee overgenomen.
I am here to defend the right to offend.
lt is my conviction that the vulnerable enterprise called democracy cannot exist without free expression, particularly in the media. Journalists must not forgo the obligation of free speech, which people in other hemispheres are denied.
I am of the opinion that it was correct to publish the cartoons of Muhammad in ‘Jyllands Posten’ and it was right to re-publish them in other papers across Europe.
Let me reprise the history oft his affair. The author of a children‘s book on the prophet Muhammad could find no illustrators for his book. He claimed that illustrators were censoring themselves for fear of violence by Muslims who claimed no-one, anywhere, should be allowed to depict the prophet. Jyllands Posten decided to investigate this. They — rightly — felt that such self-censorship has far-reaching consequences for democracy.
lt was their duty as journalists to solicit and publish drawings of the prophet Muhammad. Shame on those papers and TV channels who lacked the courage to show their readers the caricatures in The Cartoon Affair. These intellectuals live off free speech but they accept censorship. They hide their mediocrity of mind behind noble-sounding terms such as responsibility and sensitivity. Shame on those politicians who stated that publishing and re-publishing the drawings was ‘unnecessary‘, ‘insensitive’, ‘disrespectful’ and ‘wrong‘. I am of the opinion that Prirne Minister Anders Fogh Rasmussen of Denmark acted correctly when he refused to meet with representatives of tyrannical regimes who demanded frorn him that he limit the powers of the press. Today we should stand by him morally and materialiy. He is an example to all other European leaders. I wish my prime minister had Rasmussen‘s guts.
Shame on those European companies in the Middle East that advertised “we are not Danish” or “we dont sell Danish products”. This is cowardice (=Feigheit). Nestle chocolates will never taste the same after this, will they? The EU member states should compensate Danish companies for the damage they have suffered from boycotts.
Liberty does not come cheap. A few million Euros is worth paying for the defence of free speech. If our governrnents neglect to help our Scandinavian friends then I hope citizens will organise a donation campaign for Danish companies.
We have been flooded with opinions on how tasteless and tactless the cartoons are — views emphasising that the cartoons only led to violence and discord. What good has come of the cartoons, so many wonder loudly?
Well, publication of the cartoons confirmed that there is widespread fear among authors, flimmakers, cartoonists and journalists who wish to describe, analyse or criticise intolerant aspects of Islam all over Europe.
lt has also revealed the presence of a considerable minority in Europe who do not understand or will not accept the workings of liberal democracy. These people — rnany of whom hold European citizenship — have campaigned for censorship, for boycotts, for violence and for new laws to ban ‘Islamophobia‘.
The cartoons revealed to the public eye that there arc countries willing to violate diplomatic rules for political expediency. Evil governments like Saudi Arabia stage grassroots‘ movements to hoycott Danish milk and yoghurt, while they would mercilessly crash a grassroots movement fighting for the right to vote.
Today I am here to defend the right to offend within the bounds of the law. You may wonder: Why Berlin? And why me?
Berlin is rich in the history of ideological challenges to the open society. This is the City where a wall kept people within the boundaries of the Communist state. lt was the City which focalized the battle for the hearts and minds of citizens. Defenders of the open society educated people in the shortcomings of Communism. The work of Marx was discussed in universities, in op-ed pages and in schools. Dissidents who escaped from the East could write, make films, cartoons and use their creativity to persuade those in the West that Communism was far from paradise on earth.
Despite the self-censorship of many in the West, who idealised and defended Communism, and the brutal censorship of the East, that battle was won.
Today the open society is challenged by Islamism, ascribed to a man named Muhammad Abdullah who lived in the seventh century, and who is regarded as a prophet. Many Muslims arc peaceful people; not all are fanatics. As far as I am concerned they have every right to be faithful to their convictions. But within Islam exists a hard-line Islamist movement that rejects democratic freedoms and wants to destroy them. These Islamists seek to convince other Muslims that their way of life is the best. But when opponents of Islamism try to expose the fallacies in the teachings of Muhammad then they are accused of being offensive, blasphemous, socially irresponsible — even Islamophobic or racist.
The issue is not about race, colour or heritage. lt is a conflict of ideas, which transcend borders and races.
Why me? I am a dissident, like those from the Eastern side of this City who defected to the West. I too defected to the West. I was born in Somalia, and grew up in Saudi Arabic and Kenya. I used to be faithful to the guidelines laid down by the prophet Muhammad. Like the thousands demonstrating against the Danish drawings, I used to hold the view that Muhammad was perfect — the only source of and indeed, the criterion between good and bad. In 1989 when Khomeini called for Salman Rushdie to be killed for insulting Muhammad, I thought he was right. Now I dont.
I think that the prophet was wrong to have placed himself and his ideas above critical thought.
I think that the prophet Muhammad was wrong to have subordinated women to men.
I think that the prophet Muhammad was wrong to have decreed that gays be murdered.
I think that the prophet Muhammad was wrong to have said that apostates must be killed.
He was wrong in saying that adulterers should be flogged and stoned, and the hands of thieves should be cut off.
He was wrong in saying that those who die in the cause of Allah will he rewarded with paradise.
He was wrong in claiming that a proper society could be built only on his ideas.
The prophet did and said good things. He encouraged charity to others. But I wish to defend the position that he was also disrespectful and insensitive to those who disagreed with him.
I think it is right to make critical drawings and films of Muhammad. lt is necessary to write hooks on hirn in order to educate ordinary citizens on Muhammad.
I do not seek to offend religious sentiment, but I will not submit to tyranny. Demanding that people who do not accept Muhammads teachings should refrain from drawing him is not a request for respect but a demand for submission.
I am not the only dissident in Islam. There are more like me here in the West. If they have no bodyguards they work under false identities to protect themselves from harm.
But there are also others who refuse to conform: in Teheran, in Doha and Riyadh, in Amman and Cairo, in Khartoum and in Mogadishu, in Lahore and in Kabul.
The dissidents of Islamisrn, like the dissidents of communism, don‘t have nuclear bombs or any other weapons. We have no money from oil like the Saudis. We will not burn embassies and flags. We refuse to get carried away in a frenzy of collective violence. In number we are too small and too scattered to become a collective of anything. In electoral terms here in the west we are practically useless.
All we have is our thoughts: and all we ask is a fair chance to express them. Our opponents will use force to silence us. They will use manipulation; thev will claim they are mortally offended. They will claim we are mentally unstable and should not be taken seriously. The defenders of Communism, too, used these methods.
Berlin is a city of optimism. Communism failed. The wall was broken down. Things may seem difficult and confusing today. But I am optimistic that the virtual wall, between lovers of liberty and those who succumb to the seduction and safety of totalitarian ideas will also, one day, come down.
Berlin 9.2.06
Ayaan Hirsi Ali
